The famous ancient Greek healer Hippocrates said: "We are what we eat! " He is right in many ways, by this he means the culture of food consumption, its benefit or harm in relation to the human body. Thus, some products are vital for the normal full functioning of all organs and systems, while others, on the contrary, reduce the quality of life and cause serious diseases, for example, pancreatitis. In this case, proper balanced nutrition is the cure that prevents possible relapses.
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the pancreas. This organ plays an important role in the functioning of the digestive tract. Its main functions are the production of insulin, as well as digestive enzymes, which are necessary for the breakdown and digestion of nutrients:
trypsins, for protein digestion;
lipases, for fat processing;
Lactase, maltase, amylase, invertase, which ensure the conversion of complex carbohydrates into monosaccharides.
Normally, pancreatic juice saturated with enzymes enters the duodenum through the ducts, where the main stage of food digestion takes place. The pathology appears when the secretion of the enzymatic fluid is very active, its amount becomes such that it cannot be physiologically "quickly" moved from the gland. Stagnation occurs, during which the digestive enzymes interact with the cells of the pancreas, causing their death, stimulating inflammation.
In most cases, pancreatitis is the result of excessive and regular consumption of alcohol, fatty and heavy food. Such a diet leads to the fact that the pancreas constantly works in an enhanced mode, producing an excess of enzymes, which has a toxic effect not only on the organ itself, but also on other life support systems that enter the systemic bloodstream.
The same reactions are possible when taking certain medications.
Another common cause of the disease is partial or complete obstruction of the pancreatic duct. This can be caused by the formation of stones (in case of cholelithiasis), the formation of cysts, tumors, injuries, and in rare cases - by a structural anomaly. Cases of disease development as a result of parasitism of pathogenic microorganisms and other gastrointestinal pathologies (cholecystitis, cholangitis, etc. ) are less diagnosed.
Basic rules
There are two main forms of pathology: acute and chronic. In the first case, the symptoms are most pronounced: there is severe pain on the left side, radiation of the forearm, frequent vomiting and hyperemia. An attack usually occurs after eating fried or spicy foods or alcoholic beverages. In this case, urgent hospitalization and urgent treatment are required to stabilize the condition as quickly as possible and avoid such dangerous complications as pancreatic necrosis and multiple organ failure.
During the first 2-3 days after the attack, it is forbidden to eat any food to stop the production of enzyme secretion. During this period, the body is fed by drip.
Drinking is allowed as desired, but in small portions. Consumption of mineral or boiled water, weakly brewed tea and rose decoction is allowed. After pain relief, the patient is gradually transferred to a normal diet. It is important not to overload the gland and give it time to recover, so the diet should be as gentle as possible. Food should be eaten no more than 150 g 6 times a day.
All dishes are prepared in liquid or semi-liquid form (broths, purees, porridges) by boiling or steaming and cooling to a warm temperature before serving. Gradually, the diet is expanded, more high-calorie and non-cut foods are added. Post-pancreatitis nutrition remains fractional and moderate.
With a chronic disease, the clinical picture is not so clear. The pathology, in this case, has already affected most of the glandular tissues, which has caused a serious disruption of the organ's functioning, first of all, the complete production of enzymes. Constant digestive disorders are observed: diarrhea, bloating, changes in the nature of stool, but there is no pain. However, during an exacerbation, the symptoms become more intense and are accompanied by severe pain.
Diet is adjusted based on the same principles as in acute pancreatitis. After a three-day fast, the patient switches to a fractional low-calorie diet (proteins - 60 g, fats - 50 g per day). This regimen is indicated for 5 to 7 days. In addition, the nature of food changes depending on the patient's condition. Preference is given to proteins, the amount of fat remains low. Liquid food is filled with viscous, finely chopped; Cooking by stewing or baking is allowed.
Daily intake of salt should not be more than 6 g (in case of any form of pathology).
Why follow a diet during pancreatitis?
An acute attack of the disease is a serious damage to the health of the gland. Only in individual cases, the organ is completely restored without any consequences. As a rule, such disorders do not disappear without a trace, especially if a person continues to abuse strong drink or eat incorrectly. The transition to the chronic form is a dangerous condition, full recovery will not be possible. In this case, the damaged gland cannot produce the required amount of enzymes, regular (often lifelong) use of medicinal analogues is required.
Dietary nutrition is mandatory during pancreatitis. The main goal is to remove the diseased organ, reduce hypersecretion and prevent re-exacerbation. Hard-to-digest, long-absorbing foods that require increased production of pancreatic juice are excluded from the menu. The diet is selected to ensure normal functioning of the pancreas and maximum recovery of damaged tissue.
Diet plays an important role in the prevention of diabetes. There are special areas in the gland, called islets of Langerhans, where a specific hormone, insulin, is produced. If inflammation affects these formations, then hormonal production decreases, which can eventually lead to the development of endocrine disease. Poor nutrition, in this case, is considered as a predisposing factor.
Allowed products for pancreatitis
After the symptoms subside, the patient is shown the diet table No. 5p. There are two options - basic and advanced. The first is prescribed for the chronic course of the pathology in the active phase and during an acute attack. It is quite limited and mainly consists of easily digestible carbohydrates.
Enhanced nutrition for pancreatitis is a correction of the carbohydrate diet with the addition of protein products. Their daily content in food is no more than 125 g. At the same time, the amount of consumed fat should not exceed 70 g. In addition, the amount of other nutrients necessary for health is also taken into account:
Vitamin A – 10 mg;
B vitamins - from 2 to 10 mg;
vitamin C - up to 150 g;
Calcium - 0. 8 g;
sodium - 3 g;
Phosphorus - 1. 3 g;
magnesium - 0. 5 g;
Iron - 0. 03 g.
All this indicates that the daily menu should not only be healthy, but also diverse due to the use of various permitted products.
vegetables: potatoes, cucumbers, cauliflower, seaweed, green peas, pumpkin, zucchini, celery, carrots. There is a lot of controversy among nutritionists regarding the consumption of beets. It is a well-known fact that cooked root vegetables are healthy, but their high betaine and sugar content question their safety as a food for pancreatitis.
Vegetables are eaten pureed, pureed, as part of the first course. Gradual transition to coarse grinding is allowed.
Fruits, berries: apple, pear, pomegranate, peach, strawberry, raspberry. Products are baked (apples), steamed or made into various delicacies (without sugar): preserves, jams, mousse, marshmallows, marmalade, jelly.
meat (lean): turkey, chicken, rabbit, veal (fillet or tenderloin). Products can be taken after stabilization of the patient's condition. They are used to prepare broths, soup purees, steamed cutlets, cannelles, meatballs and souffles.
fish: Varieties of perch, bream, carp, perch, hake, pollack, cod, blue whiting. Serve in cooked slices or in cured meats for steaming.
Dairy products (low fat): milk, kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese, cream, yogurt. Fermented milk drinks are drunk little by little during the day, porridge is made with milk, cottage cheese is used for plates and puddings.
Cheese is worth mentioning separately. Only soft cheese prepared in brine is allowed for consumption: feta cheese, suluguni, etc. Sh. Crushed products are added to food during cooking.
grain: semolina, rice, buckwheat, oatmeal. Cereals ground into flour are best suited.
The recipe: Any. Prepare according to the instructions, preference is given to DIY.
eggs: chicken, quail. They are served boiled (ground), soft boiled (rare) or in the form of an omelette.
Პuri: Wheat (yesterday's), with bran, crackers, biscuits.
oil: Cream (up to 30 g per day), vegetables (flax, olives, refined sunflower) are gradually included in the menu.
Drink: weak tea, compotes, diluted sour berry juices, fruits, still mineral water.
All food is prepared immediately before eating. "Frying" vegetable soup is prohibited.
Fully or partially restricted products
Unfortunately, a dangerous disease dictates its strict rules, by which the patient will have to continue his life. First of all, it concerns the daily diet. To prevent possible relapses and worsening of the condition in the future, you will have to permanently stop eating certain foods. Of course, this is difficult to accept, but the price of poor nutrition in pancreatitis is often the patient's life.
Dieting should not be seen as an ordeal. What can be eaten is not so small and is in every section of the table. In addition, if the patient feels well, nutrition during pancreatitis can be expanded by introducing foods that are not included in the basic diet (some seasonal vegetables, fruits, etc. ). Their consumption should be strictly limited, carefully monitoring the body's reaction. If any, even mild symptoms appear, indicating a possible attack, the new food introduced into the diet is immediately excluded.
The patient's diet does not contain fatty foods. First of all, it concerns meat (pork, lamb, duck, goose, offal). Any semi-finished meat products and sausages are also prohibited. The latter is a special potential danger because it contains a large amount of chemical flavoring additives that irritate the entire digestive system. An exception is sausage or ham made from dietary poultry meat, which is sometimes consumed in small quantities.
Fatty sea and river fish varieties (salmon, beluga, sturgeon, sterlet, etc. ), as well as caviar, rolls and sushi are excluded. Consumption of fish dishes and seafood with moderate fat content is allowed (no more than 2 times a week).
The diet menu does not include vegetables with rough fibers, high acidity: white cabbage, radish, rutabaga, radish, turnip, spinach, sorrel, corn, asparagus, eggplant. You should not eat pickles, pickles, salted vegetables, ginger, olives or dishes prepared with garlic and onions. Products should be heat treated before eating, they should not be eaten raw. Sweet tomatoes can be used with caution in the diet if there are no signs of inflammation of the pancreas.
Fruits and berries contain a large amount of acids, which cause an increase in the secretion of pancreatic fluid. Therefore, their use is undesirable, especially during the rehabilitation period after an attack. Citrus fruits, persimmons, melons, fresh berries and juices are prohibited from them. Dried fruits are allowed in limited quantities.
Consumption of mushrooms and legumes is excluded. These products are a source of a large amount of vegetable protein, which helps to activate the pancreas. In addition, unwanted disorders from other organs of the gastrointestinal tract are possible: increased gas production, constipation, which is especially problematic for people with pancreatitis.
Hard-to-digest foods made from grains are prohibited: millet, barley, peas and pearl barley. The consistency of the finished cereal should be semi-liquid and viscous, it is not recommended to eat it in a crushed form.
Fatty milk, as well as its derivatives (cottage cheese, kefir, sour cream) are extremely undesirable. Hard, salty, sharp cheese and cheese products are prohibited.
You can't use spices and factory-made sauces when cooking: mayonnaise, ketchup, mustard, etc. Sh. Frying is strictly prohibited. Fried food (including fried vegetables for soups) is saturated with many carcinogens and other harmful substances that have a depressing effect on the work of the entire digestive tract. Regular consumption of such foods can lead to a new attack. The same goes for any smoked meat or canned fish. Fish should not be allowed in small amounts of water, because. . . This releases the extracted substances that are required to increase the production of pancreatic juice.
It is forbidden to eat fresh bread, bread and sweet products. Such food is a source of a large amount of carbohydrates, which contribute to the activity of the diseased organ and the release of insulin. Together with cooking fats (margarine, etc. ), this is a serious load that is unacceptable for pancreatitis. Therefore, you should also not eat cookies, cakes, ice cream, chocolate or honey.
Any alcohol is strictly prohibited, as well as strong coffee, carbonated drinks, cocoa and green tea.
Sample menu for a week for pancreatitis
Nutrition in the acute phase of pancreatitis is quite bad, but it is necessary to relieve inflammation. A 6-time meal plan is established:
Breakfast. Soft porridge with water is preferred, diluted with milk in the absence of symptoms. You can complete your meal with a slice of buttered toast.
dinner. As a rule, it includes unleavened cottage cheese or cheesecakes, jelly and fruit puree.
Dinner. As a first course, eat light broths and vegetable soups. For the second course - meat or fish souffle, steamed cutlets with ground grains and vegetables.
Afternoon snack. Its composition is similar to the second meal.
Dinner. This meal should preferably be light, but with sufficient protein content. Suitable for boiled fish, meat pate with a side dish.
for that. Instead of food - a glass of low-fat kefir or yogurt.
Depending on the patient's condition, other dishes from the list of permitted products are added to the daily menu.
Monday
Pureed rice porridge, rose infusion.
Baked apples with dried apricots.
Chicken consommé with croutons, fish souffle.
Kissel, biscuits.
Turkey meatballs, pumpkin and carrot puree.
Kefir.
Tuesday
Buckwheat porridge, tea with milk.
Fat-free cottage cheese (100 g), apple mousse.
Vegetable puree soup, steamed veal.
Compote, a piece of soft, slightly salted cheese.
Boiled pike perch with potatoes.
Ryazhenka.
Wednesday
Oatmeal in water with dried fruit.
yogurt.
Rice soup with carrots, bread with cheese.
fruit jam.
Cottage cheese casserole with pears, wheat bread.
yogurt.
Thursday
Steam omelette (white), sandwich with butter, tea.
Cottage cheese pudding.
Fish soup, rabbit souffle with carrot garnish.
Kefir, fruit jelly.
Steamed chicken cutlet with cauliflower puree.
grated milk.
Friday
Steamed cheesecakes, rose drink.
Baked apple.
Pumpkin cream soup, turkey roll with vegetables.
yogurt.
Boiled veal, carrot pudding.
Unsweetened tea.
Saturday
Boiled egg white, kefir.
Fruit puree, biscuits.
Homemade noodles with vegetable broth, turkey cutlet.
Uncle.
Pasta with green peas, compote.
Varene too.
Sunday
Semolina porridge with butter.
Apple mousse.
Chicken broth with potato stew, fish stew.
vegetable puree.
Steamed Turkey with Zucchini and Carrot Side Dish.
Milk (low fat).
Diet recipes
Rice porridge with pumpkin
You will need:
broken round grain rice - half a cup;
pumpkin - 300 g;
milk half and half with water - only 1 cup;
sugar - 1 tsp;
salt.
Pumpkin, previously peeled and seeded, cut into pieces, boil in a small amount of water until soft, squeeze through a sieve. Another option is possible: grate the vegetables and add them to the pan with the rice.
Add cereal to boiling diluted milk and boil for 15 minutes. Then add pumpkin puree, sugar and sprinkle a little salt. Mix and keep on fire for another 2-3 minutes. It is better to eat porridge within 20-30 minutes.
Meat and cauliflower soup
Ingredients:
Turkey or chicken fillet - 300 g;
fresh egg whites - 2 pieces;
potatoes - 3 pieces;
Carrot - 1 piece;
Cauliflower - 300 g;
water - 2-2, 5 l;
salt.
Prepare minced meat. Knead thoroughly with egg whites and roll into walnut-sized meatballs. Put the cabbage, previously cut into small florets, and the grated carrot into boiling water. After 5 minutes, add diced potatoes. When the vegetables are cooked, add the meatballs to the soup, add salt and stir. Boil on low heat for 5-7 minutes.
If the disease worsens, you can prepare a more gentle cream soup. In this case, the meatballs are out of shape. Minced meat (without protein) is added to boiled vegetables, mixed, boiled for 5-7 minutes, after which the contents of the pan are mashed with a blender. Pour the egg white in a thin stream, mix it into the soup.
Chicken souffle
Products:
Chicken breast without skin - 500 g;
milk - 1 cup;
egg white - 2 pieces;
vegetable oil (to lubricate the mold);
salt.
Preheat the oven to 180 °C. Pass the breast through a meat grinder twice, mix egg white and milk, sprinkle with salt. Beat the minced meat with a blender until a homogeneous mass is obtained. Grease a heatproof dish with oil and fill with the meat mixture. Bake without opening the oven for 30 minutes.
Steamed fish cutlet
You will need:
White fish fillet (cod, pollock, perch) - 500 g;
protein from 2 eggs;
salt.
Grind the fish into minced meat, sprinkle with salt, mix with egg white and knead well until a homogeneous mass. Form cutlets. Place them on a wire rack placed in a deep pot of boiling water and let them steam until cooked (25-30 minutes). You can use a slow cooker for this.
Broccoli Omelet
Ingredients:
raw protein - 4 pieces (or 2 eggs);
Broccoli - 200 g;
milk - 0. 5 cups;
water;
salt
Oil for lubrication.
Wash the cabbage, cut it into pieces, cook covered for 10 minutes. Beat white (egg) with milk and salt until foamy. Put the boiled vegetables in a fireproof pan, in a pan greased with oil, pour the egg-milk mixture and put it in the oven heated to 180 °C. Bake for 10 minutes. In acute cases of the disease, cabbage flowers are crushed into pulp.
for admission
The disease is rarely diagnosed in childhood. However, an acute attack is possible if the child suffers from substance abuse, has previously experienced severe viral infections, abdominal trauma or has been subjected to long-term drug therapy (hormones, tetracyclines). The disease often appears together with other gastrointestinal pathologies, for example, gastritis. Diet therapy, in this case, should take into account the nature of the underlying disease.
Nutrition for pancreatitis in children is the same as in adults and is carried out according to a similar scheme: the first week - the strictest, most gentle menu, then the weekly table is gradually diversified, subject to good digestion and disturbing. symptoms.
It is important to remember that the body of a growing child needs the necessary amount of nutrients, including fats. Therefore, if the gland is not overloaded, the child receives the necessary dose of enzymes artificially, e. i. with the help of medicines.
The daily menu must consist of vegetables, fruits (they can be eaten fresh during remission, but with caution), fermented milk products, liquid, viscous porridges, soups, as well as boiled lean meat and fish. After an attack, a strict diet must be followed for one month, an extended diet for at least 5 years, and in the case of a chronic form of the disease, it is necessary to follow a dietary table for life.
for pregnant women
Pancreatitis in women during pregnancy can worsen when taking certain vitamin complexes or as a result of the internal pressure exerted on the gland by the enlarged uterus. Nutrition during pancreatitis in this case should be dietary, but taking into account all the nutritional needs necessary for the full development of the fetus.
Pros and cons
Adherence to diet is the key to the health not only of the pancreas, but of the entire digestive system. Such a meal is balanced, healthy, easier and more fully digestible. In addition, despite the restrictions, the diet is quite diverse and allows you to combine different foods in meals, thus providing a wide, nutritious table. However, it takes time to get used to this diet. For many patients, this is not so much a consumer barrier as a psychological one, as many familiar "delicious" products will have to be abandoned. But it is necessary to maintain the possibility of a normal life.
Comments from nutritionists
Treatment of pancreatitis with the help of diet, first of all, aims to maximally relieve the affected gland. It is important to stop the excessive production of enzyme secretion. However, according to nutritionists, it is necessary to provide the digestive organs with complete rest from time to time. During this period, the affected organ is most prone to regeneration, because it is functionally "sleeping".
For this purpose, therapeutic fasting (complete refusal of food) is carried out. Most often, this regimen is maintained for 24 hours, but it can be increased if the patient feels well and is under the supervision of a doctor. Long-term abstinence from food (more than 7 days) requires hospitalization.
A gentler option is fasting days. Nutritionists recommend you to take them at least once a week. They choose one from the line of allowed dishes, for example, porridge or vegetable puree. It is prepared in such a quantity that it can be divided into several meals. No other products are consumed.
Reviews and results
Only by strictly following the rules of the treatment table, stable positive dynamics of remission can be observed.
Any violation of the diet, even a slight one, can undo all the efforts made earlier and lead to a new round of the disease. How this may turn out for the patient, no doctor will say in advance, but in any case, the consequences will be the most unfortunate. Reviews of patients with pancreatitis only confirm this. Therefore, proper nutrition is very important. The main thing is to take it easy, study your body and understand what is tolerated well and what is not. Strong support from loved ones is an excellent motivation in this matter.
the price
The cost of a weekly diet food basket is on average between 20 and 40 dollars.